Openbci an Error Occurred While Uploading the Sketch

Cyton Board Programming Tutorial

Overview

The OpenBCI Cyton boards accept powerful microcontrollers on them which ship with the latest OpenBCI firmware to interface with the on-board ADS1299, Accelerometer, and SD card. This tutorial explains how to program the firmware using the OpenBCI Dongle and you PC. If we come out with a firmware upgrade, or if your or someone comes upwardly with a custom program that yous want to implement, you should use the following method. We made major changes to the Cyton firmware in 2016 with v2.x and again in 2017 with v3.x. This tutorial covers the v2 and v3, besides as v1. If yous have already mucked about in the code using the v1 firmware, and want to upgrade, check out the Notes at the end of this medico. Happy Hacking!

Notation, you do non demand to do any board programming if you want to use the Cyton out-of-the-box. All OpenBCI boards ship already programmed, i.due east. with firmware already uploaded. If you're curious about how we do information technology, keep reading! If you merely want to start streaming EEG/EMG/ECG information right abroad, head over to the software page.

Firmware Versions 2.ten.x & 3.x.x (Fall 2016 - present)

These instructions apply to programming the Cyton with firmware versions ii.x.ten, 3.x.x, and onwards! The radio firmware (the firmware for the dongle and the radio module on your Cyton Lath) has not been updated since prior to Fall 2016, and then as long as yous purchased your Cyton Lath later that date, you do not need to worry about reprogramming your radios. For information nearly uploading the original OpenBCI Cyton firmware (1.ten.ten), encounter below.

You will need:

• Computer running Arduino v1.viii.0 or subsequently

• OpenBCI Dongle connected to USB port

• OpenBCI Cyton Board with battery power

• OpenBCI Cyton Firmware (follow guide below to download)

• OpenBCI Cyton SD Firmware (follow guide below to download)

• OpenBCI WiFi Main Firmware (follow guide below to download)

• If your computer does not take Arduino v1.8.0 (or later), install the latest Arduino IDE which tin be establish here: https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

Annotation for Windows users While installing Arduino one.8, if the installer instructs you lot to uninstall i.five.viii, move the Arduino folder containing one.5.8 from Programme Files to your desktop or some other folder. Rename this folder to Arduino_1.five.eight. Open the Change or remove program app in command console and uninstall the Arduino application. In that location will exist a popup indicating that the files practice non be and asking if you want to remove the programme from the files list, select aye. So install 1.8.0 as normal. Navigate to back to your Programme Files folder and locate the Arduino binder. Rename this folder to Arduino_1.viii.0. Now drag and drib the Arduino_1.5.viii back into Program Files folder.

Install Firmware From Arduino Library Manager (easiest!)

Don't know what the Library Director is? Skim over the Official Arduino Guide.

Open up the Library Manager and search for OpenBCI and install the latest version for OpenBCI_32bit_Library, OpenBCI_32bit_SD and OpenBCI_Wifi_Master.

At present spring down to the section install ChipKit Core

Manual Installation of Cyton Firmware

1. Download the latest OpenBCI_32bit_Library, it's the top most zip file.
2. Unzip the binder and change the name to OpenBCI_32bit_Library
3. Motion OpenBCI_32bit_Library to:

On Mac: /Documents/Arduino/libraries
On Windows: C:\Users\username\Documents\Arduino\libraries

If y'all're have trouble or want to larn more checkout the Official Arduino Guide for transmission installation.

Manual Installation of Cyton SD Library

1. Download the latest OpenBCI_32bit_SD, it's the top nearly null file.

2. Unzip the binder and change the name to OpenBCI_32bit_SD

3. Move OpenBCI_32bit_SD to:

   On Mac: /Documents/Arduino/libraries
   On Windows: C:\Users\username\Documents\Arduino\libraries

If y'all're take trouble or want to acquire more than checkout the Official Arduino Guide for transmission installation.

Transmission Installation of WiFi Primary Firmware

1. Download the latest WiFi Primary Library, it's the top nigh zip file.
2. Unzip the folder and alter the proper noun to OpenBCI_Wifi_Master
3. Movement OpenBCI_Wifi_Master to:

On Mac: /Documents/Arduino/libraries
On Windows: C:\Users\username\Documents\Arduino\libraries

If you're have trouble or want to learn more checkout the Official Arduino Guide for transmission installation.

Clone The Repos From Github

Developers looking to contribute or write custom firmware can clone the firmware repositories directly to your libraries folder

              On Mac: `/Documents/Arduino/libraries`   On Windows: `C:\Users\username\Documents\Arduino\libraries`                          

• OpenBCI_32bit_Library
• OpenBCI_32bit_SD
• OpenBCI_Wifi_Master_Library

Install ChipKIT Cadre Firmware

• Earlier you tin upload code correctly to the PIC32 with Arduino, y'all need to add together the chipKIT-cadre lath files to your Arduino IDE. The folks at chipKIT have put together instructions on how to Automobile Install via URL from inside Arduino.

NOTE Latest ChipKIT firmware may crusade improper flashing of the device firmware. In such a case [No information stream from the board/No device ID and accelerometer ID after soft resetting the board] select the firmware version 1.3.1.

Select 'OpenBCI 32' as Board

If you followed the procedure in the previous link, and you will be able to select the OpenBCI 32 board from the Tools >> Lath >> dropdown menu!

Select DefaultBoard.ino from Examples

• In the Arduino IDE go to File-->Examples-->OpenBCI_32bit_Library-->DefaultBoard which volition launch the Cyton firmware. NOTE You must upload ONLY the DefaultBoard Sketch!

Pre-upload Hardware Setting

• Make certain that the slide switch on the OpenBCI Dongle is switched to the GPIO6 selection. If it's on the other side, information technology will try to program the Dongle-mounted RFduino!

Plug in Dongle and Select Series Port

At present is a good fourth dimension to plug your Dongle in and ability down the Board.

• Select the right series port for your OpenBCI Dongle.

  • On Macs, this will exist named /dev/tty.usbserial-DN00nnnn where the nnnn is a combination of numbers and letters specific to your openBCI Dongle.

  • On Windows, the serial port will exist listed as a numbered COM port.

  • On Linux, information technology will be unlike.

Put Cyton in Bootloaded Mode

• When y'all are happy with the code, you lot will have to put the 32bit lath into bootloader mode. We don't have a way to remotely reset the chipKIT compatible IC, so you have to exercise it manually with the procedure that follows:

1. Power OFF the OpenBCI Board.
2. Printing downwards both RST and PROG buttons at the aforementioned time.
3. Ability ON the OpenBCI Board.
4. Release the RST push button while still property downward the PROG button.
5. Release the PROG push.

• Verify that you lot see the blue LED on the 32bit board blinking pleasantly.

Upload the Firmware

• Press the upload button on the Arduino IDE.

That's information technology! You will see some blinky lights on the Dongle, and later a brusk while, the Arduino IDE will tell you that it'southward done. Happy Hacking!

Firmware Version 1.x.x (2014 - Fall 2016)

You lot will demand:

• Calculator running Arduino v1.8.0 or afterward
• OpenBCI Dongle connected to USB port
• OpenBCI Cyton Lath with battery power

Note : Ever plug the Dongle into the PC before powering the Board because the Host (RFduino on the Dongle) must be powered earlier the Device (RFduino on the Board).

First, install the Arduino IDE which can be found here:

https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software

Note for Windows users While installing Arduino 1.8, if the installer instructs you lot to uninstall i.5.8, motion the Arduino folder containing i.five.8 from Plan Files (x86) to your downloads folder. Rename this binder to Arduino_1.5.8. Open the Alter or remove program app in command panel and uninstall the Arduino application. There will be a popup indicating that the files practice non exist and asking if yous want to remove the program from the files listing, select yes. Then install one.8.0 equally normal. Navigate to dorsum to your Program Files (x86) binder and locate the Arduino folder. Rename this folder to Arduino_1.eight.0. Now drag and drop the Arduino_1.5.8 back into Program Files (x86) folder.

You can notice the previous OpenBCI firmware and libraries on our github repository.

              https://github.com/OpenBCI/OpenBCI_32bit  https://github.com/OpenBCI/OpenBCI_32bit_Library/tree/maint/1.0.0                          

• OpenBCI_32bit
  • This is the firmware that runs on the OpenBCI 32bit Board
• OBCI_SD
  • Supports writing raw data to on-lath SD carte
• OpenBCI_32_Daisy
  • The OpenBCI 32bit Library

You lot will need to install the folders 'OpenBCI_32_Daisy' and 'OBCI_SD' from our Libraries repository into your Documents/Arduino/libraries folder. If in that location is no 'libraries' folder in the sketch folder, create 1. Move the binder chosen 'OpenBCI_32bit' into your Documents/Arduino folder.

Before you can upload code correctly to the PIC32 with Arduino, you need to add the chipKIT-cadre board files to your Arduino IDE. The folks at chipKIT take put together instructions on how to Automobile Install via URL from within Arduino. Follow the process in the previous link, and you lot volition be able to select the OpenBCI lath from the Tools >> Board >> dropdown menu!

Open the OpenBCI_32bit sketch from the File -> Sketchbook dropdown. Then select OpenBCI 32 from the Board drop-down menu.

Make sure that the slide switch on the OpenBCI Dongle is switched to the GPIO6 option (towards your computer). If it'southward on the other side, it volition try to plan the Dongle-mounted RFduino! Now is a good time to plug your Dongle in and ability down the Cyton Board.

Select the right series port for your OpenBCI Dongle.

• On Macs, this will exist named /dev/tty.usbserial-DN00nnnn where the nnnn is a combination of numbers and letters specific to your openBCI Dongle.

• On Windows, the serial port volition be listed as a numbered COM port.

• On Linux, information technology will be different.

When you are happy with the lawmaking, you lot will have to put the 32bit board into bootloader mode. Nosotros don't have a mode to remotely reset the chipKIT compatible IC, and then you have to do it manually.

• If you're uploading firmware iii.x.10, you'll demand to make certain y'all take the WiFi library installed earlier uploading the firmware. To do this, become to Sketch > Include Library > Manage Libraries...

• Then, in the search field in the upper correct, type OpenBCI WiFi.

• Now, click OpenBCI_WiFi_Master and install v1.0.0 (or the latest version if there are newer versions).

Note: nosotros suggest that for the five steps below yous use 1 thumb to press down both the RST and PROG buttons, while using your other thumb to toggle the switch between OFF and PC.

• Power OFF the OpenBCI Board.
• Printing down both RST and PROG buttons at the same time (with your left thumb).
• Ability ON the OpenBCI Board (with your right thumb).
• Release the RST push while still belongings down the PROG button.
• Release the PROG button.

Now you lot should run across the bluish LED on the Cyton Board blinking pleasantly. Your Cyton board is fix to exist flashed!

• Press the upload button on the Arduino IDE (the circular push with the arrow pointing to the right). That's it! Y'all will see some blinky lights on the Dongle, and later a short while, the Arduino IDE will tell you that it's done. Happy Hacking!

** Note: ** occasionally, you may meet the fault bulletin in the screenshot below. Yous tin ignore this. Every bit long as Programme flash: ...................................�����������������������������������#################################### washed appears, 99 out of 100 times your firmware uploaded correctly. If your board doesn't appear to exist working in the GUI (or other software), merely try re-uploading the firmware.

8bit Upload How-To

Annotation: The 8bit Hardware is no longer in production

You will need:

• Computer running Arduino IDE
• OpenBCI Dongle connected to USB port
• OpenBCI 8bit Board with bombardment power

Brand sure that the slide switch on the OpenBCI Dongle is switched to the GPIO6 selection. That style the DTR reset bespeak will get passed over-air to the ATmega328. If information technology's on the other side, it will attempt to plan the Dongle-mounted RFduino!
Yous can find the latest firmware and libraries on our github repository

https://github.com/OpenBCI/OpenBCI_8bit

You lot will demand to install these files from our repository into your Documents/arduino/libraries binder

• SdFat
  • Supports writing raw data to on-board SD menu
• OpenBCI_8
  • The OpenBCI 8bit Library

Movement the file OpenBCI_8bit_SD.ino into your Documents/arduino binder, and start upwardly the Arduino IDE. you should then come across the sketch in your Sketch folder.

Select Arduino UNO from the Lath drop-down card.

Select the correct series port for your OpenBCI Dongle.

• On Macs, this will exist named /dev/tty.usbserial-DN00nnnn where the nnnn is a combination of numbers and messages specific to your openBCI Dongle.

• On Windows, the serial port will be listed as a COM port.

• On Linux, it will be unlike.

When you are happy with the code, just press upload to program the OpenBCI 8bit target. That'due south it! Yous will meet some blinky lights on the Dongle, and after a short while, the Arduino IDE will tell you that information technology'south done.

Troubleshooting

If you're having an issue with Board_Defs.h and y'all're uploading using Linux, yous must move ALL files located in:
/Arduino/hardware/chipkit-core/pic32/variants/openbci/ to /Arduino/hardware/chipkit-core/pic32/cores/pic32/
This should prepare any bug you're having compiling.

If the upload fails with No Target Found:

1. Unplug the Dongle and Device.
2. Plug the Dongle into your computer.
3. Plug the Device into your computer.
4. Put the device into bootloader mode.
5. Attempt upload once again.

If the upload fails with Program Flash Failed it's due to the Arduino IDE not being able to read from the serial port fast enough possibly do to resource starvation or overall computer power. We recommend taking the following actions:

• Keep the Lath and Dongle physically close to each other during the upload.
• Keep the Arduino IDE open, front end and heart and don't use any other programs during the upload.
• Close all open programs such as (Google Chrome, MS Discussion, etc...) and but have the Arduino i.6.v IDE open during upload.
• Restart your computer and don't open whatever other programs other than the Arduino IDE used for programming.
• If all else fails, discover a friend with a more than powerful computer and exercise the uploading from their computer.

In extreme atmospheric condition, if yous have tried all five of the higher up methods and still can't upload, and then you tin can try to change the Device's polling time. The Poll Time tin can be adjusted using the OpenBCI Radio Config Utility software (Tutorial coming before long!)

Notes On Updating and Using v2.0.0 Cyton Firmware

Overview

The OpenBCI Cyton boards were updated with new firmware across all three primary microcontrollers, the Pic 32 (Pic32) and both RFduinos on the Dongle (Host) and the Board (Device). This tutorial does not explain how to program the firmware using the OpenBCI Dongle and PC; you will want to refer to the tutorials Cyton Board Programming Tutorial and Cyton Radios Programming Tutorial. If you have spent a lot of time writing custom Arduino code to run on the OpenBCI, so you will notice this tutorial helpful in upgrading to get the new stability and features of the 2.0.0 firmware.

Sending information packets from the Pic32 to the PC

At 250Hz, we are at the upper limit of the physical hardware. The Device RFduino must ship information packets as soon as it become'southward them from the Pic32 because of the deadening serial baud rate between Pic32 and Device (115200 baud, a faster baud rate messes up the radio on the Device). On the other hand, over the air programming must be able to combine multiple radio packets together into one folio and write at ane fourth dimension, therefore, over the air programming must wait to see if it received all data over the serial port before sending. These two requirements led to the original firmware being stateful, where the Device and Host would be in either streaming or not streaming mode. This led to problems and could consequence in the PC non beingness able to contact the Cyton because the radios were stuck in streaming mode and the reset button on the Cyton is not tied to the Device and then 1 would take to power wheel the entire Cyton.

An Instance

Let'south say yous desire to send custom data from the Cyton to the PC. In society to do that but wrap the data with the right start byte, 0x41, and stop byte, 0xCX (where X is 0-F in hex). In the OpenBCI_32bit_Library code base:

              /*    * @description Writes aqueduct data and axisData array to series port in  *  the correct stream packet format.  *  *  Adds cease byte OPENBCI_EOP_STND_ACCEL. See OpenBCI_32bit_Library_Definitions.h  */ void OpenBCI_32bit_Library::sendChannelDataWithAccel(void)  {      Serial0.write('A'); // 0x41 1 byte      Serial0.write(sampleCounter); // 1 byte      ADS_writeChannelData(); // 24 bytes      accelWriteAxisData(); // 6 bytes      Serial0.write(OPENBCI_EOP_STND_ACCEL); // 0xC0 1 byte      sampleCounter++;  }                          

This lawmaking writes 33 bytes of data from the Pic32 to the Device in the correct format and therefore every bit presently as it arrives at the Device information technology will exist sent to the Host and to the PC. New to firmware version 2 is the ability to accept dissimilar stop bytes, in the original firmware, one could only send stop bytes of 0xC0 withal now, we can send 0xCn where n is 0-F (hex).
Important if you want to but send twenty bytes of information per packet, you nevertheless must send this 33 bytes with the proper starting time and stop bytes. Sending data too fast will result in a buffer overflow on the Device and cause the system to restart and transport an error message to the Host and PC.

Sending one byte of data every 10ms or 100Hz

Here is an example taken from the file called BoardWithCustomData.ino from the examples folder in the OpenBCI_32bit_Library repo.

              void sendLEDStatus() {   // Must accept header byte   Serial0.write('A'); // 0x41 1 byte   // Write the LED state   Serial0.write(LEDState); // 1 byte   // Fill the residuum with simulated data   for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {     Serial0.write(0x00);   }   // Ship a stop byte with an `B` or `1011` in the terminal nibble to betoken a   //  different packet type.   Serial0.write(0xCB); // 1 byte }                          

As you can see above, we merely really want to send ane byte, just if we want to practice information technology fast, at this 100Hz rate, nosotros must wrap information technology in the kickoff byte and stop byte to tell the Device to send the packet as soon as it get's the terminate byte.

Adopting the new Pic32 code paradigm

Nosotros drastically reduced the complication of the .ino files in order to make custom device programming more outgoing for new programmers merely likewise add together a suite of features to give smashing power to corking programmers. Nosotros take created an environs to drive contribution to the master project in the form of examples. If yous want to contribute code the master library for others to utilise, now y'all can simply do a pull request. Joel was able to arrange his pulse sensor code to the new firmware in about 20 minutes! At present anyone who downloads the firmware, will go the pulse sensor code versus having to dig through all the OpenBCI repos to detect an instance of how to apply a pulse sensor, take external triggers, read an analog input, etc...

Delight dig through the examples binder on the OpenBCI_32bit_Library for a deep dive into all the possibilities with the new code. Call up if you have new lawmaking you desire to share, please practice!! Make a pull request!

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Source: https://github.com/OpenBCI/Docs/blob/master/Hardware/05-Cyton_Board_Programming_Tutorial.md

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